Articles that explore the connection between epigenetics and diseases and disorders, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, autoimmune disease, and more.
Why can two people encounter the same infection but experience very different symptoms? Age, health, previous infections, vaccination history, and genetics can all influence the immune response. A study published in Nature Genetics suggests that genetics and life experiences are also associated with distinct molecular patterns across the epigenomes of our immune cells. Researchers at the Salk Institute analyzed immune cells from 110 people to investigate how genetic variation and environmental experiences influence DNA methylation and chromatin accessibility. Their findings provide [more…]
CRISPR is best known for cutting and changing DNA. Now, researchers are using the technology in a different way: controlling whether genes are active without altering the genetic sequence itself. Scientists from UNSW Sydney and St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital used a modified CRISPR system to remove DNA methylation from genes that produce fetal hemoglobin. Once the methyl groups were removed, the previously silenced genes switched back on. Adding the methyl groups again reduced their activity. The findings show how [more…]
The human gut is one of the body’s fastest-renewing tissues. Every few days, new cells are produced from intestinal stem cells to help maintain the lining of the gut. However, a study suggests that, with age, some of those stem cells may begin to carry an epigenetic pattern linked to important genes becoming less active. Researchers from the Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute in Germany, the Molecular Biotechnology Centre in Turin, and the University of Turin found [more…]
Strokes have long been associated with acute brain injury, but their effects extend far beyond the initial event, influencing long-term health across multiple organs, especially the heart. Emerging research suggests that systemic inflammation following a stroke plays a crucial role in developing chronic comorbidities, such as cardiac dysfunction. A study published in Cell has shed light on a surprising connection between brain injury from a stroke and heart health. Researchers have discovered that specific immune cells, known as myeloid cells, [more…]
Hepatitis C is a silent yet formidable liver infection caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Unlike its acute form, which often resolves on its own, chronic hepatitis C persists, potentially leading to severe liver damage, including cirrhosis and cancer. While groundbreaking advancements in direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatments have revolutionized HCV management, achieving high cure rates, the battle isn’t entirely won. Emerging research indicates that the virus leaves a lasting imprint on the immune system, even after successful treatment. In [more…]
Colorectal cancer ranks as the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States, presenting a multifaceted challenge influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Despite advancements in treatment, there remains a pressing need for innovative therapies, particularly as cases rise among younger adults and at advanced disease stages. One promising approach lies in epigenetics, the study of chemical modifications on DNA and its packaging proteins that influence gene expression without altering the DNA sequence. Cancer cells often display [more…]
Alzheimer’s disease is a degenerative brain disorder that impacts millions globally. While the exact cause of the disease is still unknown, a recent study by Northwestern University (NU) has shed light on the potential role of epigenetic modifications in the immune system of Alzheimer’s patients. The study found that Alzheimer’s patients experience epigenetic changes in their blood’s immune system, which could be influenced by environmental factors, past infections, and lifestyle behaviors. These findings could pave the way for the development [more…]
Cleft lip and palate stand out as the most prevalent craniofacial birth anomalies worldwide, affecting approximately 1 in 700 newborns. Despite extensive research spanning decades, the precise etiology of most cases remains elusive, as does effective preventive measures. Understanding the causes of this abnormality has mainly focused on genetic factors, revealing numerous risk loci along the DNA, although direct causative variants are rare. Therefore, it is thought that this defect arises from a mix of genetic and environmental factors. Yet, [more…]
Diabetes is a widespread health issue that affects millions of people worldwide. The disease is complex and can develop due to a combination of genetic and lifestyle factors. Given its increasing prevalence, scientists worldwide are investigating the underlying genetic complexities and epigenetic factors of diabetes in more detail. One question that researchers are interested in is whether epigenetic changes cause type 2 diabetes or if the changes occur only after a person has become ill. A new study by Lund [more…]
Advancements in technology have opened doors for scientists to delve deep into the complex world of genetic control elements, unveiling the intricate mechanisms governing gene activation within our genetic code. Contrary to the simplistic perception of cis-regulatory elements (CREs) as mere genetic on/off switches, emerging evidence underscores their capacity for nuanced behaviors. They’re not just toggles for gene enhancement; they orchestrate complex functions pivotal to sustaining cellular health. New research originating from Japan has uncovered about 11,000 significant genetic switches, [more…]
